The proc transpose can save time and complexity once it is properly explained. Common object types for use with sas are files and directories. For example, you have data in vertical long format and you are asked to change it to horizontal wide format. Proc freq computes the same information, but does not require sorted data. The sortinplace paradigm made the most of the limited resources at the time, and almost every sas program had at least one proc sort in it. Thus, if we run the following simple proc transpose step. For example, consider the following 2x3 matrix 2 rows, 3 columns. The original variables all had comma sas formats note. Transposing one group of variables for a data set in wide format such as the one below, we can reshape it into long format using proc transpose. One of the reasons for performing data transformation is that different statistical procedures require different data shapes. Proc transpose is a powerful yet underutilized proc in the base sas toolset. Q1 q2 q3 q4 a 1 2 3 4 b 1 2 3 4 c 1 2 3 d 1 2 e 1 2 3 4 i have data like above and would like to import and reshape the data into what it looks like.
Running proc transpose with cas actions has several advantages over processing within sas. This article will walk through the different uses of proc transpose, providing a. For a list, see dictionary of sas global statements in sas global statements. Proc transpose can be used to rotate transpose sas data sets. It is widely used for various purposes such as data management, data mining, report writing, statistical analysis, business modeling, applications development and data warehousing. Abstract proc transpose is an extremely powerful tool for making long files wide, and wide files less wide or long, but getting it to do what you need often involves a lot of time, effort, and a substantial knowledge of sas functions and data step processing. Transposing this matrix would turn it into a 3x2 matrix 3 rows, 2. Rotated1 created by proc transpose produces report 2. Learn the basics of proc transpose douglas zirbel, wells fargo and co. This is because by default sas will only transpose the numeric variables. The first step in the process is to alter the dataset so that we can distinguish the. Its a very powerful procedure when you need to change the shape of the data. Li, city of hope national medical center, duarte, ca abstract a common data managing task for sas programmers is transposing data. Type is the by variable, and sold, notsold, repaired, and junked are the variables to transpose.
This paper will provide a non technical approach to understanding the transpose procedure by showing the programmer how to visualize the expected output. The simplest possible case of transposing switches the rows and columns of a matrix. Proc transpose rearranges columns and rows of sas datasets, but its. So, you need to use proc print, proc report, or some other sas reporting tool if you want to print the output data.
It contains three sample sas input files, a set of basic proc transpose variations, and their output results. Proc sql a primer for sas programmers jimmy defoor citi card irving, texas the structured query language sql has a very different syntax and, often, a very different method of creating the desired results than the sas data step and the sas procedures. Daniel boisvert, genzyme corporation, cambridge ma shafi chowdhury, shafi consultancy, london england. Taming the proc transpose sas proceedings and more. Reshaping data long to wide using the data step sas. Proc transpose to issue a warning message and stop.
Data transposition with proc report midwest sas users group. Because the copy statement copies variables directly to the output data set, the number of observations in the output data set is equal to the number of observations in the input data set. For a data set in wide format such as the one below, we can reshape it into long format using proc transpose. The proc transpose is part of the sas language that does not get used as. Now well use proc transpose to create a wide table. Visualizing proc transpose sas proceedings and more. One of the reasons that this is done is that it is more efficient to store your data in a vertical format and processing the data is easier in a horizontal. Using proc transpose mainly requires grasping the syntax and recognizing how to apply different statements and options in proc transpose to different types of data transposition. We will begin with a small data set with only one variable to be reshaped. Instead, for each by group, proc transpose creates one observation for each variable that it transposes. A concrete example of the start data and the transpose used would help. Getting your data in shape with proc transpose pharmasug. Below is an example of using sas proc transpose to reshape the data from a long to a wide format. These advantages include reduced network traffic, and the potential for faster processing.
An easier and faster way to untranspose a wide file. Transposition with by groups shows what happens when you transpose a data set with by groups. In this case, we need to sort the data as we are going to use by processing in proc transpose. The following will illustrate how to reshape data from long to wide using the data step. Sas tutorial for beginners to advanced practical guide. Base sas, macros, routines, functions, sas data integration studio, sas in mainframes, sas webreport studio, sas enterprise guide, proc compare sas statistical analysis system search web. If outputdataset does not exist, proc transpose creates it using the datan naming convention. There is a summary sheet at the end of the paper as well for later reference. It is very helpful when needing to shift data from rows to columns or vice versa. Sometimes you need to reshape your data which is in a long format shown below famid year faminc 1 96 40000 1 97 40500 1 98 4 2 96 45000 2 97 45400 2 98 45800 3 96 75000 3 97 76000 3 98 77000. Example 2 on page 1280 out outputdataset names the output data set. For each by group, proc transpose creates one observation for each variable that it transposes. So, well need to use different options and statements in proc transpose to create our result.
You can use the attrib, format, label, and where statements. Now processing and presentation can be optimized separately from. For reference here and use later, we store the names in character variable origvar. Working with variables most of the time, youll need to make modifications to your variables before you can analyze your data. This function if achieved in a data step can be much more cumbersome to code. Data transposition is the process of restructuring values of a sas data set by turning selected variables into observations. For more information, see statements with the same function in multiple procedures. Proc transpose as sas documentation says, the transpose procedure can often eliminate the need to write a lengthy data step to achieve the same result. Selects observations from sas data sets that meet a particular condition that is true. The procedure pads the output data set with missing values if the number of observations in the input data set and the number of variables it transposes are. How to reshape data long to wide using proc transpose. Sas statistical analysis system is one of the most popular software for data analysis. Proc transpose provides the ability to go from a long dataset where there are multiple rows for a given subject to a wide dataset where there are multiple columns for a subject.
Before you can use the s3 procedure, you need an amazon web service aws key id and secret. Proc transpose in its simplest form transposes all numeric variables in the. Sas data set options dropvariables excludes variables from processing. An introduction to the sas system uc berkeley statistics. In sas, two commonly used methods for transposing data are using either the tranpose procedure or array processing in the data step. How to reshape data wide to long using proc transpose.
There are several ways to reshape data from a long to a wide format in sas. However, if you use the let option in the proc transpose statement, then the procedure issues a warning message. For example, you can reshape your data using proc transpose or reshaping the data in a data step. We begin with a basic example of the proc transpose procedure for those readers not acquainted with the procedure. Firstobsn specifies the first observation to process. The ability to effectively transpose a data set is very important when working with different data structures and different data standards. You can find multiple examples in the sashelp library to help illustrate what a long dataset looks like. The transpose procedure or how to turn it around sas support. From the first output of proc print, we see that the data now is in long format except that we dont have a numeric variable indicating year. This paper presents an easy beforeandafter approach to learning proc transpose.
To print the output data set from the proc transpose step, use proc print, proc report, or another sas reporting tool. Faster processing is possible because inmemory tables are manipulated locally on the server instead of being transferred across a relatively slow network connection. If however two or more variables need to be transposed, you need to transpose each variable separately and then merge the transposed data sets, which can be time consuming. When a by statement is used with proc transpose, a variety of manipulations. If proc freq is required on all the variables of a sas data set. When i transpose this dataset it creates a dataset with 2. This tutorial explains the basic and intermediate applications of proc transpose with examples. Transposing multiple variables in a sas data set within a single macro call. To create transposed variable, the procedure transposes the values of an observation in the input data set into values of a variable in the output data set. Sas will use the data set naming convention data1, data2, etc. For more information, see indatabase processing for proc transpose.
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